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The core components of a construction forklift can be categorized into two main categories: the vehicle's main structure and optional accessories. These components include the frame/chassis that supports the entire vehicle; the front mast, which works with a lift cylinder and chain to form the lifting mechanism; the forks and fork link/carriage, which support the loading and transport of palletized cargo; the sideshifter and load backrest, which provide lateral adjustments and prevent material from sliding backward.
The powertrain consists of the internal combustion engine or battery, and the cooling system (radiator and radiator) to ensure operation and heat dissipation; the front drive axle*/drive axle and rear steer axle to control driving and steering; and the braking system (brake drums, brake pads, master cylinder, and parking brake mechanism) to ensure braking safety.
Key components of the hydraulic system include: lift/tilt cylinders for lifting and tilting, hydraulic hoses, and chains for stabilizing the load and drive mechanism ([orangeparts.com][2]). Tire types can be pneumatic or solid, depending on the site, to suit indoor or outdoor conditions; filter elements (air filter, oil filter, fuel filter) keep the power system clean and stable.
The operating area includes the cab or operating platform (cab) - equipped with control devices such as a steering wheel, foot pedals, hydraulic joysticks, seat belts, and warning lights; an overhead guard (FOPS) is installed above the cab to prevent falling objects from injuring the operator ([bigrentz.com][1]). The overall machine function is indicated by the data plate/capacity plate, which indicates key parameters such as maximum load capacity, fork type, and tire specifications.
The following accessories are often installed on construction sites to expand the capabilities of forklifts:
Bucket: Used for shoveling bulk materials such as sand, concrete, and cement. It can also be used as a light excavation tool.
Grab/Clamp: Used to grab tires, concrete blocks, and scrap from the side. It can be used to handle irregular or loose objects. The appropriate type should be selected for each material.
Jib (Boom): A retractable jib equipped with a hook and winch is used to suspend or lift heavy objects such as beams and woven packages. It also supports bridge construction, agricultural, and factory operations.
Winch: Used with a wire rope and hook, it is used to lift and transport heavy loads. It is often equipped with self-locking devices, end-of-line sensors, and safety swivel hooks to enhance operational safety.
Specialized accessories such as fork extensions (increasing length to accommodate large pallets) and dump buckets can be flexibly combined to meet site needs.
In short, after an engineering forklift is equipped with suitable structural parts and extended attachments, it can take into account multiple functions such as cargo lifting, side shifting, dumping, loading, lifting, loosening soil, etc., and adapt to the use needs in many occasions such as construction, docks, warehousing, and engineering construction.
